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Double monastery
A double monastery (also double house) is a monastery combining a separate community of monks and one of nuns, joined in one institution. More common in the monasticism of Eastern Christianity, where they are found since the 4th century, in the West the establishment of double monasteries became popular after Columbanus and were found in Anglo-Saxon England and Gaul.〔 Double monasteries were forbidden by the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, though it took many years for the decree to be enforced.〔Hefele 385.〕 In a significantly different way, double monasteries were revived again after the 12th century,〔Parisse 1258.〕 when again a number of religious houses were established on this pattern, among Benedictines and possibly the Dominicans. The 14th-century Bridgittines were consciously founded using this form of community.
Examples include the original Coldingham Monastery in Scotland, and Einsiedeln Abbey and Fahr Abbey in Switzerland, controlled by the abbot of Einsiedeln.〔Lawrence 52.〕 In general, monks and nuns lived in separate buildings but were usually united under an Abbess as head of the entire household, and would have chanted the Liturgy of the Hours and attended Mass together in the Chapel. Either an abbess or an abbot would normally have control over both houses, and it was only in exceptional circumstances that each would have its own superior.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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